Refrigerating machine



Dec. 13, 1932. M. DAVIS REFRIGERATING MACHINE Filed o'ct. 25, 192e zshets-sneet 1 AMM# ffm.

M. DAvls REFRIGERATING MACHINE Dec. 13, 1932.l

Filed 001'.. 25. 1926 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 @Hou/m130 Patented Dec. 13, 1932 1,890,457 i UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE MERRILL DAVIS, F DETROIT, MICHIGAN REFRIGERATING MACHINE Application filed October 25, 1926. Serial No. 144,079.

My invention relates to the flooded system movable lid or cover for this boX upon which compression type of refrigerating machines the refrigerating unit is mounted and which and has for its object the provision of means permits of radially detaching said unit for whereby the refrigerant Will be transferred service. The unit comprises a portion from the condenser or high side to the exmounted above the cover B including the 50 pansion or low side by mechanical means compressor pump C, crank shaft l), pulleyE which are positive in their action and are and condenser coil F. Also beneath the unaffected by variations in pressure and Cover and suspended therefrom is the expantemperature and will allow the entire charge sion or refrigerating portion of the unit Gr 1Q of refrigerant to be contained in the low Which is connected with the apparatus above 55 side or freezing unit and thereby eliminate the cover as hereinafter described. any possibility of ooding or overcharging Ashas been stated, the system Which I emthe W Sido ploy is of the .flooded type and to provide the Another object is to provide means Wherenecessary radiating surface and capacity for g5 by the gas that is formed in the low sido holding the liquid refrigerant as Well as to 60 may pass to the compresser iii a path that permit the removal of the gas therefrom I is entirely separated from that portion of have devised the following construction. the crank case Where the lubricating oil is The COrrlhlIled Container and radiator is agitated by the action of the Crank, and .formed of a series of sections each compris- 2o thereby prevent any of the oil from being lng the pressed sheet metal members H and 65 entrained and carried with the gas through H space d from @tglCh Other and having the the valves and over into the condenser. OVeI'hlPPlDg marginal flanges H2 H3 sealed Another object is to provide a suction valve by hrazlllg, SOldllng 01' any Suitable Way.

of very liberal dimensions and simple design Ths? members H and'H are of an area dearranged so as to reduce the clearance space irmlned. hy the CplClty required and hav- 70 to the Smallest possible amount ing portions cut away as indicated at I for Stiu another object is to provide a mathe reception of transversely extending ice chine the component parts of Which will frcezlng @rays T also 1n thehpper Portion 0f permit the use of modern high production each section which form circular apertures` 3o machinery in their manufacture and are so Surrounded by OPPOSIJCQIY extending annu 75 arranged that the entire machine may he lar iianges HH: These surround an annuphioed in or removed from the Cabinet Withlar bushing K which has a series of apertures out breaking a line it any point. K therethrough connecting the space With- With these and other objects in view the out t0 the Space Withlrr The members Hi H invention consists in the constructon as herealso are Preferably PrOVded With il` SQIQS 0f 80 iriafter Set forth i inwardly extending portions H6 which bear In the drawings; against and are Welded or otherwise fastened Figure 1 is a, vertical centi-a1 'Section to the oppositemember and form spacers and through my improved machine, ties between said members. 4o Figure 2 is o cross Section taken at Siibstan- The radiator G is formed of a series of the 85 tially right angles to Figure 1, certain parts SQCOIIS just deSClihed Which are Unit/Gd t0 being shown in elevation for the sake of cleareach Other by engaglng the bushing rings K ness. with spacer rings L thereby holding the sec- As shown A is a boX or refrigerating chamtions suitably spaced from each other and in bei' of any suitable construction. B is a reparallel relation. The whole series is 90 chamber N2 and drain into the well.

clamped by a bolt or tie rod L which at one end has a threaded engagement with a casing M and at its other end with a hanger bracket M', gaskets L2 being placed between the rings K and L. The casing M extends upward through the cover B and is attached to the portions above said cover as will be presently described.

Gompresser um't The cylinder of the pump C is integral with the crank casing C' and the crank shaft D is journaled in bearings D', D2 which are a part of a secondary crank case Qs which 1s positioned at one side of the crank casing. Between the bearings D', D2 is a worm Ds intermcshing with a worm gear D on a transverse eccentric shaft D5 the eccentric portion of which is shown at D.` Located at each side of worm gear and on the eccentric p0rtion of shaft are the vertically disposed links DT engaging at their lower end with a vertically disposed plunger N. This plunger passes through a packing land N into a chamber N2 havin 'a cylindrical well N3 in alignment with t plunger and laterally connected at N4 with the lower end of the condenser coil F. The well Ns has a bottom port N normally closed by the ball valve N under the compression of a spring N'. The arrangement is such that the plunger N in its reciprocation will alternately enter and be withdrawn from the well Ns while the condensate from the coil F will flow into the Thus Whenever suilic'ient liquid accumulates in the well the pressure of the plunger thereon will force open the valve Ne permitting this liquid to drain through the port N? into communication with the` space formed by the aligned bushings K. The level isA s0 established that the refrigerant liquid will occupy a small portion of the space...within said bushings while the greater portion of said space 1s free to receive the gasgenerated by the evaporation or boiling of the liquid in the several radiator units.

The piston C2 of the compressor which is connected by the rod C3 with the crank is reciprocated in the cylinder with very slight clearance. The inlet valve O is of annular form surrounding the piston and cylinder and controlling an annular series of inlet ports O in the valve seat O2. This seat extends into a recess in the cylinder head O2 and the clearance between the seat and said head is only sufficient to permit a movement of the valve O which will open the ports 0. The outlet valve P controls a central port P in the head O3 and is arranged in a recess P2 in the upper portion of said head. The valve P normally rests upon a seat P and is limited in its upward movement by a spider P. This spi der is however yieldably held in position by a spring P so that in case any liquid should accumulate in the pump the valve P will be permitted to open wider by compressing said spring. There is also arranged a plug P attached to the upper end of the piston and approximately filling the port P so as to diminish the clearance to the minimum.

The inlet ports O communicate with an annular recess Q beneath the seat O2 and which is connected with a downwardly extending tubular passage Q in the wall of the cylinder. The lower end of this passage communicates with the chamber Q2l in a casing Q3 which chamber contains the worm 2gearing D", D2 but is divided from the crank y a partition Q4. An aperture Ql establishes communication between the chamber Q2 and the crank chamber but this passage is located below the normal level of the lubricating oil so that the splashing of oil in the crank chamber by the crank will not materially disturb the oil in the chamber Q2. R are passages extending downward through the casing M connecting at their lower ends with a port R communicating with the chamber within the bushings K. The upper ends of the passages R are connected with tap bolts R2 which serve to hold the caps R3 for the bearings of the shaft DS and which are further provided with tubes R4 which extend upward to near the top of the chamber Q2. Thus the construction is such that the vapor accumulating in the chamber formed by the bushings K will pass through the port R into the passages R andupward therethrough and through the tubular extensions R2 linto the chamber Q2. From here the vapor is furtherconducted upward through the passage Q into the annular passage Q and through the ports O and past the valve O into the colnpression cylinder. During such passage the vapor is kept out of contact with the lubricating oil thereby avoiding danger of carrying the oil into the cylinder and the compression coil.

, With the construction as described, the unit mounted on the cover B may be easily placed in connection w'ith the ice boxand as easily removed therefrom. The joint between the cover and the box may be sealed by a suitable pneumatic gasket S which will pre` vent the entrance of warm air. The motor (not shown) for driving the pulley E may. if desired, be mounted permanently on the ice box therebv reducing the weight of the removable unit.

In operation the expansion unit is filled with a liquid refrigerant up to the desired level and as vaporization takes place the vapor generated will pass through the ports K into the space within the hollow bushings K. From here it is drawn upward into the pum through the passages previously describe and after compression the gas is ejected through the ports K into the upper the accumulated condensate from the end of the expansion coil F. This coil is located in a suitable casin T having louver openings T therein and t e pulley E is provided with fan spokes E for forcing air through the coils and out-through the louver openings. As fast as condensation takes place in the coil E the liquid will drain into and accumulate in the chamber Nzand well N from which it will be ejected by the re ciprocation of the plun er N. However the tension of the spring 7 will normally hold the valve N closed so as to avoid escape of pressure from the high pressure side of the system into the low pressure side. By this n. arrangement practically all of the liquid refri erant is held in the radiator unit G and all o? the space on the 'high pressure side of the system is available for reception of the gas to be condensed. Some of the advantaffes of my construction are first that the radiator sections are inexpensive to manufacture and may be designed in form with respect to the space in which the unit is located. Furthermore the size of the unit may be varied by adding or removing sections so that any desired capacit ma be obtained. Second, the forming of t e in et valve as an annulus surrounding the iston and controlling a series of ports in t e annular valve u seat permits of reducing the clearance to the minimum and at the same time providing abundant area for the passage of the gas through the valve. Third, the se aration of the crank chamber in which splas lubricant occurs from the chamber containing the gears and the conducting of the gas to the upper portion of the latter chamber avoids carrying the lubricant oil into the system. Fourth, the plunger N which positively eects i h pressure side of the system into the low pregssure side frees the condenser oil from condensate without permitting escape of pressure.

What I claim as my invention is:

1. In a refrigerating apparatus the combination with a compressor and expansion and compression chambers adjacent thereto, of means for positively ejecting condensate from the pressure side of the system into the expansion side thereof.

2. In a refrigerating apparatus the combination with a compressor pump and compression and expansion chambers adjacent thereto and respectively at upper and lower levels, of means for positively ejecting condensate accumulated in the lower port-lon of said compression chamber into said expansion chamber.

3. In a refrigerating apparatus the combination with a compressor pump and compression and expansion chambers adjacent thereto, of a crank shaft for operating said pum a step down gearing o rated by said cran shaft and an ejector p unger actuated by said gearing for positively displacing condensate accumulated in the pressure side of the sstem into the expansion side thereof.

4. n a refrigerating apparatus, the combination with a compressor pump and expansion and compression chambers adjacent thereto, of a crank shaft for operating ysaid gearing on said crank shaft and a lunger actuated by said step down earing or displacing condensate in said c amber against the pressure of said spring closed valve.

5. In a refrigerating unit, the combination. with a refrigerator casing and a removable cover therefor, of a refrigerating unit comprising a compressor and condenser mounted on the top of said removable lid, an expansion unit secured to and dependin from said cover and compressor a crank sha t for operating said com ressor, step down gearing on said crank sha t, a lunger actuated by said step down gearing aving its lower end engageable with a recess in said casing for receiving condensate from said condenser and a spring from sald chamber into the expansion chamber whereby the operation of said plunger will positively eject condensate from the condenser side to the expansion side of the system.

6. In a refrigerating apparatus the combination with a compressor pump and coinpression and expansion chambers adjacent thereto, of means for mechanically ejecting condensate from the pressure side of the system into the expansion side thereof, said means preventing escape of gas therethrough from the expansion side. y

7. In a refrigerating system, the combination with expansion and compression chambers, of automatically operatin means associated with the pressure side o said system for positively ejecting condensate accumulated in the pressure side of the system to the expansion side thereof.

8. In a refrigerating system, the combination with expansion and compression chambers, of a valve arranged within the pressure side of the system, and an ejector lunger acting upon the condensate accumu ated. in the pressure side of the system to open said valve and discharge the condensate into the expansion chamber.

9. In a refrigeratmg system, the combina-I tion with expansion and compression chambers, of means normally closing communication between the ressure side of the system and expansion si e thereof including a valve, said valve being urged to its seat by a force closed valve controlling the port` greater than the maximum normal pressure pression chamber to the expansion chamber.

attainable in the pressure side of the system.

10. In a refrigerating system havlng communicating high and low pressure circuits,

ya valve closing communication between said circuits and normally ur ed to open position by the pressure in the igh pressure side, and means counteracting t e pressure tending to open the valve with a ressure substantially greater than themaxlmum normal pressure attainable in the high pressure side of the system so that opening of the valve by the pressure in the high pressure side will be prevented.

11. In a refrigerating system having communicating high and low pressure circuits, a. valve closing communication between the said circuit-s and normall urged to open position by the pressure in t e hlgh pressure side of the system, means operable to exert a substantlally greater pressure .than the maximum static pressure attainable in the high pressure'sde for holding said valve against its seat, and means operable upon an accumulation of condensate in the high pressure side of the system to positively open said valve and discharge the condensate into the low pressure side of the system.

12. In a refrigerating system, the combination with expansion and compression chambers, of means establishing communication between said chambers including a valve arranged in the compression chamber and an eljlector plunger reciprocably mounted within t e compression chamber and operable only upon an accumulation of condensate in the latter chamber to open said valve and eject the condensate into the expansion chamber aforesaid.

13. In a refrigerating system, the combination with expansion and compression chambers, of a third chamber communicating with the latter chamber for receiving the condensate therefrom and also communicating with the expansion chamber, a spring closed valve for controlling communication between the expansion chamber and third chamber aforesaid, and a plunger disposed in ali ment with said third chamber and o era le to displace condensate in the latter c amber against the pressure of said spring closed valve.

14. In a refrigerating system, the combination with expansion and compression chambers, of means establishin communication between said chambers inc uding a assage arranged to receive condensate from t e compression chamber, a check valve arranged in said passage normali closing the same, means for e3ecting con ensate in the passage ast the valve and into the expansion chamber, said means being incapable of ejecting all of the condensate contained in the passage whereby the latter functions as a liquid seal to prevent the passage of gas from the com- 15. In a refrigerating system having communicating high and low pressure circuits, means controlling communication between said circuits including a valve member normally urged to open position by the pressure 1n the high side of the system, means preventing opening of said valve by the maximum normal pressure in the high sideof the system, and means for actuating said valve operable only upon an accumulation of condensa-te above the valve for opening the same.

In testimony whereof I aiix my signature.

MERRILL DAVIS. 

